How can barotrauma affect a diver?

Barotrauma occurs when a diver experiences injuries due to pressure differences, particularly as they ascend or descend underwater. As a diver goes deeper into the water, the surrounding pressure increases significantly, and if air spaces within the body (such as the lungs, ears, or sinuses) are not equalized properly, this can lead to traumatic injuries. For example, if a diver holds their breath while ascending, the expanding air can rupture lung tissue, which is a life-threatening condition known as pulmonary barotrauma. Similarly, pressure differences can lead to barotrauma in the ears or sinuses, causing pain, disorientation, or even more severe injuries.

Understanding the impact of pressure on the human body and the necessity of equalization techniques is crucial for divers to prevent this condition. Proper techniques, such as the Valsalva maneuver or Frenzel maneuver, are essential for managing pressure in air-filled spaces during changes in depth.